防震减灾是公共安全的重要内容,是新安全格局的有机组成部分,其主要制度由《防震减灾法》予以规定。近年来,我国着力构建新安全格局,逐步完善大安全大应急框架,防震减灾工作发生一系列重大的理念创新和体制机制变革。现行法律已实施十余年,在提高全社会防震减灾能力方面发挥了重要作用,但也存在着与新理念衔接不畅、部分内容滞后于实践、一些规定操作困难、法律责任偏轻等问题,不能很好地满足当前需要。研究认为应通过贯彻风险管理和社会治理理念、回应社会需求和体制机制改革要求、补充空缺制度和加强涉外条款、提升法治要素含量和提高违法成本,及时修改完善《防震减灾法》,不断提高新安全格局下公共安全治理水平和防震减灾能力。

Earthquake prevention and disaster reduction represent vital components of public security and integral facets of the new security paradigm,with their primary framework governed by the “Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Law.” In recent years,China has diligently worked towards establishing this new security framework,progressively refining the infrastructure for major security and emergency response. Consequently,significant conceptual innovations and institutional reforms have unfolded within earthquake prevention and disaster reduction practices. While the existing law has been in effect for over a decade,playing a pivotal role in enhancing the nation's earthquake disaster preparedness,several challenges persist. These include a lack of alignment with emerging concepts,outdated provisions,operational difficulties in certain clauses,and relatively lenient legal accountability,all of which fail to adequately address current demands. This study asserts that timely amendments and enhancements to the “Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction Law” are imperative. This involves embracing concepts of risk management and social governance,addressing societal needs and institutional reform imperatives,filling regulatory gaps,fortifying international provisions,augmenting legal framework comprehensiveness,and intensifying penalties for non-compliance. Through these measures,the aim is to continually enhance public security governance standards and bolster earthquake prevention and disaster reduction capabilities within the new security framework.

P315

新时代防震减灾事业发展战略研究课题(ZLKT-03)、中国地震局重大政策理论与实践问题研究课题(CEAZY2022JZ03)共同资助