We analyze the short-term time and space distribution characteristics of weak earthquakes in Ningxia and its adjacent area from 1970 to 2015,the characteristics of foreshocks and generalized foreshocks and summarize the characteristics of the earthquakes with M_S≥5.0 in the area. We study in detail the time and space of the empty area,stripes,signal earthquakes and precursor swarms,analyze the significance of prediction indicators and propose the recognition and judgment criteria of direct foreshocks in Ningxia and its adjacent area. We also analyze the different characteristics of weak earthquakes activity between the Bayinmuren M_S6.2 earthquake on September 23,1976 and the Alashanzuoqi M_S5.8 earthquake on April 15,2015 in Inner Mongolia.