By analyzing the operational management method of emergency shelter under the perspective of the Japanese traditional prevention and control of infectious diseases,as well as the difficulties faced by the operation and management of emergency shelters under the COVID-19 outbreak,we summarize the specific measures implemented by the Japanese government,such as the layout of emergency shelters,infection prevention countermeasures,daily operation and management measures. Our results will provide reference for the operation and maintenance of emergency shelters under the normalized situation in prevention and control of pneumonia epidemic in China.