As an important site for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction,how to ensure medical buildings in the event of an earthquake to achieve no collapse or even uninterrupted function has become a key issue worthy of study. For the study of near-fault medical buildings,in this paper we take the actual project as an example,using viscous dampers as a means of energy dissipation and vibration reduction,to compare the seismic response of the damping structure and the non-damping structure under frequent and rare earthquakes. The results show that the axial tension and compression deformation of viscous dampers begins to dissipate energy,which can provide 3% additional damping ratio under frequent earthquake to decrease the seismic force of the main structure. The size of structural components can better meet the requirements of medical buildings than that of non-damping structures. Under rare earthquakes,the maximum inter laminar displacement angles in X and Y directions of the structure with viscous dampers are set to be 1/214 and 1/230 respectively. The distribution of plastic hinges of the structure meets the design criterion of “strong column and weak beam”. The overall structure basically meets the performance requirement of uninterrupted function under large earthquakes.