The Luding M6.8 earthquake in 2022 is a critical earthquake in the recent Sichuan-Yunnan region. Based on the coseismic rupture model obtained from seismic wave and the Okubo planar rectangular elastic dislocation theory,we simulated the coseismic gravity changes,vertical and horizontal displacements caused by the Luding M6.8 earthquake. The results show that:① The coseismic gravity change image has a high and low four-quadrant symmetrical feature with the fault as the boundary,which is consistent with the pre-seismic(September 2019 to September 2020)measured gravity change image and the left-lateral strike-slip feature of the fault,indicating that the seismic precursor process is related with the lock in shearing force model. ② In the far-field region,the coseismic vertical displacement pattern exhibits similarity to the gravity anomaly pattern. The effect of density variation induced by fault slip surpasses the impact of surface vertical displacement in this context. In contrast,the surface vertical displacement in the near-field exerts a more pronounced influence compared to the density variation effect,demonstrating a negative correlation between them. ③ The coseismic horizontal deformation image has a symmetrical four-quadrant feature,which is consistent with the deformation characteristics by GNSS measurements and InSAR results. These results provide a basis for explaining the gravity and deformation observation results before and after the earthquake,and help us to understand the mechanism of strong earthquake generation,especially for the further improvement of the locked shear model.