Earthquake occurrence exhibits nonlinear characteristics,and fractal theory effectively describes the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution of earthquakes. Using R/S analysis,this paper determines the fractal characteristics of the major seismic belts in Afghanistan and employs the ARIMA model to predict the annual maximum magnitude of the Hindu-Kush seismic belt. The Hurst index of the Hindu-Kush seismic belt is 0.9125,indicating a seismic activity memory period of 8 years. For the Sulaiman seismic belt,the Hurst index is 0.7281,with a memory period of 9 years. The variation trends of seismic activity in both the Hindu-Kush and Sulaiman seismic zones align with historical patterns,though the trend continuity is more pronounced in the Hindu-Kush zone. According to the ARIMA model,the predicted maximum annual magnitudes for the Hindu-Kush seismic belt from 2022 to 2026 are M_b6.2,M_b6.1,M_b5.8,M_b5.8,and M_b6.1,respectively.