Mud volcanoes are widely distributed throughout the northern Tianshan region of Xinjiang,and their activities bring valuable information from deep layers of the Earth to the surface. By tracking and analyzing the activity characteristics and changes in the geochemical components of these mud volcanoes,researchers can gain reliable data for predicting moderate-to-strong earthquakes in the region. This article briefly introduces the distribution and activity characteristics of mud volcanoes in Xinjiang and details the development of monitoring techniques. Monitoring methods have evolved significantly over time,from regular sampling analysis to continuous gas flow monitoring in 2023. By summarizing data from nine earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.0 and four earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.0 within a 300km radius of the middle Tianshan Mountains,the anomalous activity of mud volcanoes follows a time course pattern of “Background Value-Increase-Turning Point-Decrease-Return to Background.” These anomalies typically begin about 6～12 months before an earthquake occurs,with the earthquake most often happening after the turning point,making this a useful mid-term indicator for tracking seismic activity in the region. Geochemical components from mud volcano eruptions show clear signs of abnormality. Elevated ion concentrations(F^-,CO₃^2-) serves as short-term indicators for tracking moderate-to-strong seismic activity,while escaping gases like methane(CH₄) and radon(Rn) can act as mid-term indicators. The paper also presents case studies of mud volcano activity,geochemical changes,anomaly verification,and earthquake prediction before several notable earthquakes:Xinyuan-Hejing M6.6 earthquake,Hutubi M6.2 earthquake,and Jinghe M6.6 earthquake.