This study analyzes continuous vertical-component waveform data recorded by 127 permanent seismic stations in Henan Province and its surrounding areas between January 2023 and December 2024. Using ambient noise tomography, Rayleigh wave group velocity distribution maps were constructed for periods of 7-22 seconds. The results indicate that short-period(7 s and 12 s) group velocity patterns exhibit strong correlations with surface geological features:high-velocity anomalies are mainly associated with bedrock-exposed mountainous regions, whereas low-velocity anomalies are primarily distributed in sedimentary basins. From the shallow crust to the middle-lower crust, lateral heterogeneity in crustal structure decreases progressively with depth. A prominent low-velocity anomaly in the middle-lower crust of the North China Basin may be related to the upwelling of mantle-derived thermal materials and their modification of crustal properties. Notably, most strong earthquakes(M≥6.0) in the study area are located within transition zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies.