Earthquake early warning(EEW) is a critical technical tool for mitigating the impacts of sudden seismic events. Its effective operation depends not only on technological innovation but also on robust institutional frameworks. By analyzing both the technical characteristics and institutional requirements of EEW, this study identifies key challenges, including fragmented legal regulations and uneven distribution of responsibilities in system governance. To address these issues, a “technology-institution” collaborative governance framework is proposed. The study argues that integrating institutional considerations into technical governance, improving the hierarchical legislative system, and establishing a two-way mechanism for the mutual reinforcement of technology and institutional arrangements. This is essential for maximizing the societal benefits of EEW systems.