| 摘要: |
| 随着西方科学在清朝末年的传入，中国近代地震学逐渐发展起来，可大体划分为与历史背景相关的3个阶段。1918年之前为第1阶段，辛亥革命推动了近代科学思想在中国的传播，出现了以中外传教士为主体的零散性地震研究；第2阶段以新文化运动为开端，中国科学社和专业学会出现，围绕海原地震开展了地震地质研究，取得了地震的救灾经验和深刻教训；国民政府期间为第3阶段，中央研究院和专业研究所建立，地震学进入以科研体制为依托的幼年发展阶段。其间，人员伤亡万人以上的大地震有3次，分别为1920年海原地震、1927年古浪地震和1933年叠溪地震。科学前辈们的艰苦奋斗为抗战胜利和民族独立做出了贡献。 |
| 关键词: 中华民国 北洋政府 国民政府 地震学史 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:P315 |
| 基金项目: |
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| A Brief History of Seismology in Republican China |
|
Feng Rui
|
|
China Earthquake Networks Centre, Beijing 100045, China
|
| Abstract: |
| The modern earthquake study in China gradually developed since Western seismic knowledge was recommended in the Qing Dynasty in about 17th century. The three-step pattern of seismological progress in Republican China closely related to the social background at that time. Before 1918 it was the beginning step of Chinese seismology. The 1911 revolution strongly promoted the spread of modern science into China,and then some fragmented seismic researches were carried out mainly by Chinese and foreign missionaries in China. At the beginning of the New Culture Movement in the second step,Chinese Science Society and several professional societies appeared. The earthquake in 1920 was studied in seismogeology for the first time. There were some experience and profound lessons in the aspect of earthquake disaster relief. In the third step,i.e.,the period of the National Government from 1928 to 1949,the Academia Sinica and some professional institutes were set up,and obvious progress was achieved in different fields such as theoretical seismology,seismometry,seismogeology,disaster reduction and academic exchanges. Science predecessors had made their significant contribution to the victory of Anti-Japanese war and national independence. The history shows that "Science to save the country" was a historical choice of China,science and democracy need to be promoted at the same time,as well as seismological research has a feature of long process study. |
| Key words: Republican China Beiyang Government National Government History of Seismology |
