On May 11,2017,an earthquake(M_S5.5)occurred with the epicenter(37.58°N,75.25°E)near Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County,Kashi Prefecture,Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,China. The focal depth is 8km. In order to quickly acquire the disaster situation,this paper carries out an interpretation of the earthquake damage in the extreme earthquake disaster area based on the high resolution image data obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)combined with the field earthquake damage investigation. By using the RS-based seismic intensity assessment method described in the paper,the RS-based seismic intensity assessment is carried out in the extreme earthquake disaster area. The results show that the building structure types in the extreme earthquake disaster area mainly include adobe/stonehouse,brick-wood structure,brick-concrete structure and frame structure. The collapsed and partial collapsed buildings are all adobe/stone houses. There is no government-subsidized anti-seismic living house collapsed. The seismic intensity assessed from RS is Ⅷ~Ⅸ in the extreme earthquake disaster area of the Taxkorgan earthquake. It is higher than the seismic intensity officially released by CEA. In the future,the model should be revised according to the actual situation of Xinjiang so as to better serve the rapid RS-based seismic intensity assessment of the Xinjiang.