泥火山形成于特定的水文地质及构造环境，其喷发活动是内部大量气体聚集引起异常高压的一种释放，可以将大量地下信息携带到地表，被称为“天赐钻井”。新疆乌苏艾其沟泥火山实时观测始于2011年8月，自观测以来，在其周围200m范围内，共发生了4次6级以上地震，分别是2011年11月1日新疆尼勒克M_S6.0、2012年6月30日新疆新源M_S6.6、2016年12月8日新疆呼图壁县M_S6.2及2017年8月9日精河M_S6.6地震。在4次地震前后，艾其沟泥火山喷发活动均出现了“背景值—上升—转折—下降—背景值”的宏观异常变化现象，地震则发生在泥火山喷发活动由强到弱的过程中，尤其是在2017年精河M_S6.6地震时，乌苏艾其沟泥火山的喷发活动异常变化现象为新疆地震局做出震情形势判定提供了一部分依据，具有一定的减灾实效。

Mud volcanoes are formed in specific hydrogeological and tectonic settings. Its eruption activity is a release of abnormal high pressure caused by a large amount of internal gas accumulation,and it can carry a lot of underground information to the surface,so it is known as "Heaven granted well". The real-time observation of the surroundings of the Xinjiang Wusu Aiqigou mud volcano began in August 2011. There have been 4 earthquakes with M_S6.0~7.0 within 200m since the observation:they are the November 1,2011 Nilka M_S6.0 earthquake,the June 30,2012 Xinyuan M_S6.6 earthquake,the December 8,2016 Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake and the August 9,2017 Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake. Before and after the 4 earthquakes,the macroscopic anomalies of "background value-rise-turn-down-background value" have appeared in the eruption activities of the Aiqigou mud volcano. The earthquakes during the process appeared from the strong to the weak of the mud volcanic eruption,and especially during the 2017 Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake,the abnormal change of the eruption activity of the Wusu Aiqigou mud volcano is one of the basis for the determination of the earthquake situation in Xinjiang. It has played a certain role in predicting effectiveness of disaster reduction.

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中国地震局地壳应力研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（ZDJ2017-27）、中国地震局预报专项（YBZX-DQHX2018-01）共同资助