[关键词]
[摘要]
四川泸定6.8级地震是继2013年芦山7.0级地震至今,四川境内遭受灾害面积最大、死亡人数最多的一次地震,造成了一定程度的房屋和基础设施损坏,诱发了大量的地质灾害,具有明显的区域特点。本文基于四川省抗震救灾指挥部和地震现场工作队的一手资料,从灾情获取的时间序列、震害的空间分布、生命损失、建筑物破坏、地震地质灾害的强度等方面开展了本次地震的灾害特征分析。初步得到如下认识:①黑箱期时间为1.5h,死亡人数统计比小于1%,24h获得了半数以上伤亡信息,符合中强地震灾情渐进式获取的一般规律; ②本次地震影响面较广,有感面积为816194km2,烈度Ⅵ度区域以上面积为19089km2,Ⅸ度区面积为280km2,与一次7级地震受灾范围相当; ③地震灾害重且破坏集中,截至2022年9月11日17时共造成93人死亡,25人失联,导致房屋垮塌415间,严重损坏5566间,一般损坏19890间,新增有威胁对象的地震地质灾害点565处,其中,约92%的死亡人员地点、68%的地震地质灾害点、多数的毁坏及严重破坏房屋位置,集中分布在Ⅷ度和Ⅸ度区; ④滑坡、崩塌等次生地质灾害是造成本次地震人员死亡最主要的原因,占总死亡(含失联)人数的86%。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
The Luding MS6.8 earthquake is the one which has caused the largest disaster-stricken area and the biggest death toll in Sichuan Province since Lushan MS7.0 earthquake in 2013,which also caused a certain level of damage to buildings and fundamental facilities,and triggered extensive geological hazards. Based on the first-hand data from provincial earthquake relief headquarter and disaster investigation teams,this article processes the data and conducts an analysis on the disaster characteristics of Luding MS6.8 earthquake from different aspects,including time series of disaster information acquisition,spatial distribution of disaster characteristics,life loss,building damage and earthquake-induced geological hazards. Through analysis,preliminary conclusions are drawn as below:①The black box period lasts for 1.5h,the statistical ratio of mortality is less than 1%,over half the amount of information on casualties is obtained within 24h,which conforms with the status of disaster information acquisition after moderately strong earthquake strikes;②Many regions are affected by the earthquake,the total sensible area is up to 816194km2,the area of seismic intensity Ⅵ and above is 19089km2,the area of seismic intensity Ⅸ and above is 280km2,the affected area equals to that of a MS7.0 earthquake;③Damages are huge and concentrated. By the time of 5PM,September 11,2022,93 people died,25 people went missing,415 buildings collapsed,5566 buildings were heavily damaged,19890s buildings were moderately damaged,565 new earthquake-induced geological hazard spots with potential to cause harm are added to the list,92% of the places where the victims were found,68% earthquake-induced geological hazard spots and most destroyed or heavily damaged buildings are distributed in the area of seismic intensity Ⅷ and seismic intensity Ⅸ;④Secondary geological hazards such as landslide and mountain collapse are the major cause of death,the proportion of their victims(missing people included)is up to 86%.
[中图分类号]
P315
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1511705、2019YFC1509402、2018AAA0102205)、四川地震科技创新团队专项(201902)、四川省地震局科技专项(LY2210、LY2306)共同资助