It summarizes the earthquake disaster information and main characteristics of mainland China by compiling a catalog of earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 (or above) in 2023. Combining information such as the earthquake disaster assessment reports of the seismological bureaus of the relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), the results of earthquake disaster losses and the characteristics in typical earthquake cases are listed. By comprehensively comparing the historical earthquake disaster data in mainland China over the past 20 years and analyzing the interannual changes in the frequency of earthquakes and the number of casualties, it is concluded that the earthquake disaster losses in China in 2023 are heavier and more concentrated, with housing damages, inappropriate evacuation of people, and secondary geologic hazards being the main reasons for the casualties.